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Is Your Team Carrying Invisible Trauma? A Guide to STS at Work

You know when you know things, but only theoretically, then comes a time when you get to experience it yourself, or someone very close to you experiences it?

It’s been like that with STS in my case. For years, I’ve read about it, I studied it, and even had exams from it, but all the time kept it in my head, never allowed it to sink in, and saw that it was a reality for me.

For three years, I witnessed more pain and trauma than I ever read about. I stood in the front row of suffering. I watched mothers lose their unborn babies to a broken system.

I saw children sleep in basements while their parents battled addiction. I found people lying in blood and filth, too drunk to realize the cold might kill them if they didn’t make it to a shelter.

I saw people walk with open wounds, numbed by opioids. I prayed beside dying clients. I watched some of them survive brutal accidents, get sober, and rebuild lives worth living. I brought a birthday cupcake to a man younger than me who defied death and addiction to reclaim his future.

I buried clients who held a piece of my heart. Some called me “daughter” because I reminded them of the family they lost. That hurt. Looking back, I wonder how I kept going. I find my answer in the shared strength of professionals who face the same reality.

My body cried out for help. I struggled to sleep, eat, and focus. Eventually, I broke under the weight of physical and emotional exhaustion. When a client threatened to kill me, I cracked. Migraines drained my energy for a month. Half my face collapsed. Doctors found no physiological explanation, only a sick thyroid, which they traced back to stress.

When I looked at my watch, who measure stress and body battery, my stress was high and medium the entire working hours and never got too low during my awake time.

We call this Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS).

And like me, millions of professionals around the world experience the same and keep showing up to work in silence because they don’t feel supported or safe to open up.

In the quiet corners of hospitals, classrooms, courtrooms, and crisis centers, emotional fatigue is taking root. It’s not just burnout. It’s not just stress. Secondary trauma leaves behind emotional residue when we witness the pain of others.

We celebrate the resilience of frontline workers, caregivers, social workers, and emergency responders. We could see that during the pandemic (the most traumatic experience the free and not so free world experienced in the last decades). But their strength hides a vulnerability we rarely acknowledge, the emotional toll they carry when they absorb trauma that doesn’t belong to them.

Secondary trauma shows up in subtle ways: irritability, numbness, sleep disturbances, or a creeping sense of hopelessness. Some call it weakness, but in reality, it is humanity we are afraid to show or look at as a society.

Studies show that up to 25% of healthcare professionals experience significant symptoms of Secondary Traumatic Stress. And yet, many suffer in silence.

What Is Secondary Trauma?

Professionals experience secondary trauma, also known as Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) or vicarious trauma, when they absorb the impact of traumatic experiences shared by the people they serve.

You will see it in the police departments, army, healthcare, psychologists, social workers, lawyers, mediators, and first aid workers, the journalist in the war zone, the teacher who sees the signs but feels powerless, the public worker who sees the needs but the bureaucracy is too big. For example, listening to stories of abuse, loss, violence, or despair, day after day, can leave deep emotional effects when there is no support system for the professionals to process and let go ot the load they carry indirectly.

How to recognize the signs

Secondary trauma doesn’t always enter a room and announce itself screaming. It creeps in quietly, often mistaken for simple fatigue or irritability.

Here is how it shows up:

  • Emotional exhaustion, anxiety, or numbness (all signs and points in diagnosing burnout).
  • Difficulty sleeping or concentrating.
  • Cynicism or detachment from work (do you remember the angry person at the desk when you asked “too many questions”?).
  • Physical symptoms like headaches or muscle tension, with no medical reason.

Ignoring and neglecting those symptoms causes burnout, strains relationships, and triggers PTSD-like responses, especially in professions where lives depend on every decision.

Who should we protect more?

EVERYONE, even though we have data to tell us where to pay extra attention.

The numbers are sobering (I hope):

  • Healthcare workers: Up to 25% report significant STS symptoms
  • Social workers: Around 34% in child welfare roles experience high levels of STS
  • Emergency responders: Nearly 1 in 5 show signs of secondary trauma
  • Journalists: Especially war correspondents, with PTSD rates as high as 28.6%

STS numbers in the Netherlands:

  • Post-Traumatic Stress Trends: A 2025 analysis by the Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel) found that about 50% of individuals with presumed PTSD had symptoms linked to intense experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unrelated traumatic events, such as accidents or sexual violence, affected the other half.
  • Workplace Stress & Burnout: In 2022, Dutch workers missed 2.4 million days due to emotionally demanding work. 1.6 million employees (19%) reported burnout symptoms, which can overlap with STS, especially in caregiving professions.
  • Among self-employed individuals, 12% experienced burnout complaints.

We’ve gathered data on certain professions, but others—like the military, helping professionals, HR, legal, and customer service—face Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) every day they show up to work, whether or not the numbers reflect their reality.

What can you do?

Every organization has the responsibility to make sure it takes care of its employees as well, more than its clients/patients. In the Netherlands, there is a law for this, see the Dutch Working Conditions Act (Arbowet, Article 3 and 5).

Here is what you can do as an organization:

  • Make the conversation around trauma normal: Give employees language and permission to speak up before they burn out.
  • Help them build resilience: Offer workshops on emotional regulation, mindfulness, and self-care. Encourage self-care days and pay for them. This way, people can recharge without the burden of paying for or the fear of losing their jobs.
  • Create safe spaces for conversation, unwind, and even crying: Peer support groups, debriefing sessions, and access to counseling, coaching, or therapy make all the difference in keeping people healthy and engaged.
  • Lead your people with empathy and care: Managers and team leaders should be trained to recognize signs and respond with compassion. If you don’t yet have training in place for your managers and team leaders, this should be your number one priority. You cannot change what you don’t know.

I challenge and call you to courage and healing

It takes courage to say, “This hurts,” and an even greater courage to seek healing.

If you’re feeling the weight of others’ pain, know that you are not alone. Your empathy is a powerful gift, and you need to protect and nurture it, not let it drain or burn out. Remember, you can only pour from a full cup. 

Take care of yourself first so you have energy and resources to take care of those who need your help and care.

I dream of workplaces where compassion is met with care, and where healing is not just offered to others but embraced by everyone who shows up at work every day.

At Centered People we help organizations build trauma-informed workplaces where compassion is met with care. Together, we unlearn toxic leadership and embrace healing as a courageous act.

Together, we build a world where showing up for others doesn’t mean losing yourself.

Until next time.

Written by: Cristina Popescu – Co-Founder

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    Cristina Popescu

    Founder | The Changemaker | Trauma Healer | Culture Shaper | The Heart Of The Practice
    Christina Headshot
    When Cristina moved from Romania to the Netherlands, she arrived with talent, drive, and a genuine desire to contribute. What she found was a world with its own invisible rules, a workplace culture that communicated in subtleties she hadn't been taught to read, expectations that were never written down but somehow always enforced, and a persistent feeling that no matter how capable she was, something about where she came from made full belonging feel just out of reach.

    She navigated it and grew in her ability to find her way. But she never forgot what it cost, and she never stopped thinking about all the other people like her who are navigating the same thing, often alone, without language for what they were experiencing, and being told that the discomfort was their problem to solve.
    She knows that if organizations are taught what their part is in creating space for people like her, both sides win.

    And that became her calling: to translate culture, bridge generational gaps, and address how trauma from the past and from migration affects business and workplaces, so people can grow together and contribute to the company's success.

    Cristina is a trauma coach and culture strategist who has built her practice on a conviction that most of the corporate world is still afraid to say out loud: organizations carry trauma. Teams carry hurt. Leaders carry wounds they never had space to process. And until those things are named and healed, no amount of strategy, structure, or culture initiative will make the difference it promises to make.
    She brings trauma coaching into business, not as a soft peripheral offering, but as a foundational one. Because if we want better organizations, we have to be willing to look at what is actually happening inside them. The power dynamics that masquerade as 'culture'. The unspoken hierarchies that make some people feel permanently less-than. The past hurts that replay in every performance review, every conflict, every moment when someone decides it is safer to stay quiet.

    Cristina's focus is particularly fierce when it comes to cultural identity in the workplace. She works with Eastern Europeans in Western Europe, a community she knows intimately, who bring extraordinary competence and resilience to the organizations they join, and who are too often asked to shrink their identity in order to fit in.

    Her work says: no. Your culture is not a liability. It is a strength that the people around you may not yet know how to see. And it is our job - as consultants, as leaders, as colleagues - to build workplaces that can hold the full range of who people are.

    As a founder of Centered People, Cristina is the heart. She brings the depth, the empathy, and the courage to go to the places in an organization where other consultants don't look. She holds space for emotions and for what is difficult to address. She names what is true and helps leaders and teams move from the reactive, fear-driven reactions that drain organizations to the collaborative, compassionate ones that allow real performance and sustainable growth.

    Her dream is specific and bold: To change the world by healing one company at a time!

    Organizations where people operate from a genuine sense of safety, respect, and shared purpose. Environments that don't just tolerate diversity, but are genuinely made better by it.

    Rashied Ilahi

    Co-Founder | The Connector | Network Builder | Alliance Maker | Bridge Between Worlds
    Rashied Ilahi
    Some people walk into a room and immediately know how everything connects. Rashied Ilahi is one of those people, except he doesn't just see the connections. He builds them, nurtures them, and turns them into something that lasts long after the meeting ends.

    Born in Suriname and raised in the Netherlands, Rashied grew up watching his father do something quietly extraordinary: run a thriving business while building a meaningful life. That early image - the entrepreneur who leads with both ambition and integrity - never left him. It became the blueprint.
    His path took him through pastorships spanning multiple cultures and countries, through business ventures launched in new cities, through communities of people who were trying to find their footing in environments that didn't always make room for them. What he brought to every one of those spaces was the same: the ability to see people clearly, to understand where they come from, and to help them find where they belong.

    That gift is not accidental. It is forged from lived experience. Rashied knows what it means to navigate cultural complexity, to be the one in the room whose background isn't reflected in the walls, the language, or the unspoken rules. And because he knows it, he has made it his work to change it.

    At Centered People, Rashied expands reach, builds alliances, and opens doors that other people don't even know exist. His network is a living ecosystem of relationships built on genuine trust and mutual respect. When Rashied makes an introduction, both sides feel it.
    His coaching and leadership work is rooted in a single conviction: true growth happens when people are seen for who they are, not just what they produce. He works with individuals and teams to find clarity, confidence, and a genuine sense of belonging, especially in environments where those things don't come easy.

    There is a warmth to the way Rashied works that disarms people. He brings ease to complex conversations, joy to difficult moments, and meaning to what can feel like ordinary work. Leaders who work with him often say the same thing: he has a way of making you feel that your growth matters to him personally. Because it does.
    He is not interested in growth for growth's sake. He is interested in growth that builds lives, organizations where people don't just perform, but belong. Businesses that create impact in the communities they touch. Leaders who understand that how they lead is inseparable from who they are.

    Stephany Bernabela

    Co-Founder | Strategist | Trainer & Coach
    steph portrait
    Stephany Bernabela is a strategist, trainer, and coach who helps professionals, leaders, and organizations move forward with clarity, purpose, and healthy performance.

    With nearly two decades of experience in recruitment, HR strategy, and leadership development, she has supported organizations across healthcare, social services, and the SME sector in building strong teams, developing leadership, and navigating complex organizational challenges. Stephany is known for her ability to bring structure where complexity exists and to translate vision into practical frameworks that help people and organizations grow.
    She is the co-founder of Centered People, a consultancy focused on building healthy and future-ready organizations, and ALTERNATIVs, a holistic leadership and wellbeing program that strengthens the human foundations of performance.

    As a trainer and coach, Stephany equips leaders and teams to develop resilient leadership, healthy cultures, and sustainable growth. Her work combines strategic thinking with deep care for people, helping organizations align performance with wellbeing.

    At the heart of Stephany’s leadership is a strong sense of calling in the marketplace. She sees business and leadership as spaces where people can discover purpose, develop their gifts, and contribute to meaningful impact in society. Inspired by Kingdom principles of stewardship, integrity, and service, she is passionate about equipping professionals and leaders to lead with wisdom, responsibility, and vision.

    Stephany’s Caribbean-Dutch roots, entrepreneurial spirit, and relational leadership style shape a unique approach where strategy, people, and purpose come together.

    Her mission is simple:
    to help individuals, teams, and organizations grow with clarity, lead with integrity, and build workplaces where both people and performance flourish.
    Stephany Bernabela is a strategist, trainer, and coach who helps professionals, leaders, and organizations move forward with clarity, purpose, and healthy performance.

    With nearly two decades of experience in recruitment, HR strategy, and leadership development, she has supported organizations across healthcare, social services, and the SME sector in building strong teams, developing leadership, and navigating complex organizational challenges. Stephany is known for her ability to bring structure where complexity exists and to translate vision into practical frameworks that help people and organizations grow.

    She is the co-founder of Centered People, a consultancy focused on building healthy and future-ready organizations, and ALTERNATIVs, a holistic leadership and wellbeing program that strengthens the human foundations of performance.

    As a trainer and coach, Stephany equips leaders and teams to develop resilient leadership, healthy cultures, and sustainable growth. Her work combines strategic thinking with deep care for people, helping organizations align performance with wellbeing.

    At the heart of Stephany’s leadership is a strong sense of calling in the marketplace. She sees business and leadership as spaces where people can discover purpose, develop their gifts, and contribute to meaningful impact in society. Inspired by Kingdom principles of stewardship, integrity, and service, she is passionate about equipping professionals and leaders to lead with wisdom, responsibility, and vision.

    Stephany’s Caribbean-Dutch roots, entrepreneurial spirit, and relational leadership style shape a unique approach where strategy, people, and purpose come together.

    Her mission is simple:
    to help individuals, teams, and organizations grow with clarity, lead with integrity, and build workplaces where both people and performance flourish.